Aberle, N., & Witte, U. (2003). Deep-sea macrofauna exposed to a simulated sedimentation event in the abyssal NE Atlantic: in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C-labelled phytodetritus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 251, 37–47.
Abstract: Tracer experiments with 13C-labelled diatoms Thalassiosira rotula (Bacillariophycea, 98% 13C-labelled) were conducted at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) in the NE Atlantic (BENGAL Station; 48°50'N, 16°30'W, 4850 m depth) during May/June 2000. In situ enrichment experiments were carried out using deep-sea benthic chamber landers: within the chambers a spring bloom was simulated and the fate of this food-pulse within the abyssal macrobenthic community was followed. In focus was the role of different macrofauna taxa and their vertical distribution within the sediment column in consuming and reworking the freshly deposited material. T. rotula is one of the most abundant pelagic diatoms in the NE Atlantic and therefore 0.2 g of freeze dried T. rotula, equivalent to 1 g algal C m-2 yr-1, was injected into each incubation chamber. Three different incubation times of 2.5, 8 and 23 d were chosen in order to follow the uptake of 13C-labelled phytodetritus by macrofauna. After only 2.5 d, 77% of all macrofauna organisms showed tracer uptake. After 23 d the highest degree of enrichment was measured and 95% of the individuals had taken up 13C from the introduced algal material. In addition to that a downward transport of organic matter was observed, even though the mixing was not very intense. The initial processing of carbon was dominated by polychaetes that made up a percentage of 52% of total macrofauna. In general macrofauna organisms that lived close to the sediment surface had higher access to the simulated food-pulse, confirming the hypothesis that individuals close to the sediment surface have the strongest impact on the decomposition of phytodetritus. In our study we observed only modest vertical entrainment of 13C tracers into the sediment. With regard to contradictory results from former 13C-enrichment experiments in bathyal regions, compared to results from our study site in the abyssal plain, we thus propose pronounced differences in feeding strategies between macrofauna communities from continental margins and abyssal plains.
Keywords: Deep-sea; Pulse-chase experiment; δ13C; Benthic carbon remineralisation; Macrofauna; Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain
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Adams, A. (2000). Special Project in Bush Counselling. Project Hahn.
Abstract: Drug and alcohol dependency effects a wide range of individuals within our society. In Tasmania, traditional forms of treatment include residential based programs that focus on group-based counselling sessions using the principles of the Twelve Steps and intensive re-education practices. The alternatives that exist outside these programs for treatment are limited. For individuals over the age of 25 these options are further diminished due to the entrenched nature of their behaviours and those of the people around them. Addiction brings with it associated health disorders that may be the result of a lengthy period of substance abuse, may lie at the root of their problem or indeed contribute further to their addictive behaviour. This report is the result of a partnership between Project Hahn and the Salvation Army Bridge Program that allowed the meeting of traditional forms of treatment with that of bush counselling. By working in unison a project was developed that accommodated an adjunctive approach to helping individuals in a rehabilitation phase of treatment.
Keywords: adventure; outdoor
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Adams, A., & Sveen, R. (2000). An Holistic Model Of Bush Counselling: Cornerstones Of Practice. An Holistic Model Of Bush Counselling, 5(1), 28–38.
Abstract: This paper shares the Bush Counselling model as used by Project Hahn in Tasmania to work with its target audience of adolescents and young adults. The Bush Counselling model is described through a campfire analogy. Readers are invited to adapt the model to their community and, where appropriate, adopt the individual counselling principles into their programs.
Keywords: adventure; outdoor
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Amon, R. M. W., Budéus, G., & Meon, B. (2003). Dissolved organic carbon distribution and origin in the Nordic Seas: Exchanges with the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res, 108(C7), 3221. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001594
Abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and in situ fluorescence were measured along with hydrographic parameters in the Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas (Nordic Seas). Surface (<100 m) concentrations of DOC ranged from 60 to 118 µM with elevated values in the East Greenland Current (EGC) which transports water from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic. EGC surface waters also showed a pronounced fluorescence maximum between 30 and 120 m depth in all EGC sections indicating the abundance of Arctic river derived DOC in this current. Based on fluorescence we estimated that 20-50% of the annual river discharge to the Arctic Ocean was exported in the EGC. The fluorescence maximum was typically associated with salinity around 33 and temperatures below -1°C which are characteristic of surface and upper halocline water in the Arctic Ocean. The elevated fluorescence in this water mass suggests a strong Eurasian shelf component and also suggests that in situ fluorescence could be used to trace Eurasian shelf water in the central Arctic Ocean. DOC concentrations in the Nordic Sea basins (>1000 m) were relatively high (~50 µM DOC) compared with other ocean basins indicating active vertical transport of DOC in this region on decadal timescales. Based on existing vertical transport estimates and 15 µM of semilabile DOC we calculated an annual vertical net DOC export of 3.5 Tg C yr-1 in the Greenland Sea and about 36 Tg C yr-1 for the entire Arctic Mediterranean Sea (AMS) including the Greenland-Scotland Ridge overflow. It appears that physical processes play a determining role for the distribution of DOC in the AMS.
Keywords: dissolved organic matter; dissolved organic carbon; chromophoric dissolved organic matter; fluorescence; vertical carbon transport
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Berman, D. S., & Davis-Berman, J. (2000). Therapeutic Uses of Outdoor Education. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools Charleston WV., .
Abstract: Recent research has documented the positive effects on emotional well-being of many outdoor education programs. This Digest highlights emotional well-being that is intentionally or incidentally achieved in several program types: adventure therapy, personal growth, college adventure, recreation, and camping.
Keywords: adventure; outdoor
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